Progress in Petroleum Chemistry and Refining
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Petroleum-derived spray oils: chemistry, history, refining and formulation
Modern use of petroleum-derived oils as agricultural crop protectants dates back to the 1800s, but it was not until the latter half of the 20th century that advances in petroleum chemistry allowed substantial modification and diversification in their commercial applicability. In the 1880s, a kerosene–soap emulsion was used with some success against scales and aphids in citrus trees. The search ...
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Petroleum oil was used for many centuries in Egypt, China, Mesopotamia and Persia for heating, lighting, roadmaking and building. Small accumulations of oil were reported at Pechelbronn in Alsace in 1498 and in Poland in 1506, and Marco Polo noted 'oil springs' at Baku on the Caspian Sea in the latter part of the thirteenth century. Raleigh, in 1595, reported the existence of the Trinidad Pitch...
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Petroleum refining industry uses large volumes of water. The water demand is up to 3 m3 of water for every ton of petroleum processed (US EPA, 1980, 1982; WB, 1998). Almost 56% of this quantity is used in cooling systems, 16% in boiling systems, 19% in production processes and the rest in auxiliary operations. The water usage in the Mexican refineries is almost 155 millions m3 per year; it is 2...
متن کامل1 Investment Expectations & Decision Making In the Petroleum Refining Industry
Administration (EIA) provides analyses used to assess proposed energy and environmental policies and to make energy forecast for the Annual Energy Outlook (AEO). The tool used by EIA for these mid to long term forecasts is the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS), a large-scale model of energy supply, demand, prices, and technologies. One component of NEMS is the Petroleum Marketing Module (P...
متن کاملProgress in metathesis chemistry
In contrast to the production of simple bulk chemicals and polymers, which started shortly after the discovery of the “olefin scrambling” reaction, it was not until much later that this transformation was “rediscovered” by the academic world. In the last decade of the 20th century, the so-called olefin metathesis reaction gained real significance in advanced organic synthesis [1]. The developme...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature
سال: 1965
ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/207230b0